PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS-I

PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS-I

1.   GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY

                     i.        Introduction: History, Pharmacology and its classification and Drugs and their sources.

                    ii.        Routes of drugs administration:

Advantages and disadvantages of Enteral Routes

Advantages and disadvantages of Parenteral Routes

Advantages and disadvantages of Topical Routes.

                   iii.        Pharmacokinetics:

a.   Drug solubility and passage of drugs across the body membranes,

b.   Plasma concentration of drugs and various factors affecting it (Absorption and factors influencing the rate of absorption (GIT and other routes) of drugs,

c.   Distribution and factors influencing the rate of distribution of drugs,

d.   Biotransformation and factors influencing the rate of biotransformation of drugs,

e.   Excretion,

f.     Channels of excretion and factors influencing the rate of excretion of drugs),

Definition of:

a.   Bioavailability & Bioequivalence,

b.   Therapeutic Index,

c.   Plasma Half Life (t½)

d.   Dose-Response Curve,

e.   Area under Curve,

f.     Volume of Distribution

                  iv.        Pharmacodynamics:

Drug receptors and theories,

Mechanisms of drug action,

Specificity of drug action and Factors modifying the action & dosage of drugs.

2.   DRUGS ACTING ON AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS)

                     i.        Organization of ANS its subdivisions and innervations.

                    ii.        Neurotransmitters in ANS, their synthesis, release and fate.

                   iii.        Sympathetic agonist drugs:

Catecholamines and

Noncatecholamines.

                  iv.        Sympathetic antagonist drugs:

Adrenergics Nerve Blockers,

Adrenoceptor antagonists (Alpha-adrenergic blockers and Beta-adrenergic blockers).

                   v.        Parasympathetic (Cholinergic) agonists and Anticholinestrase inhibitors.

                  vi.        Parasympathetic antagonists.

                 vii.        Drugs acting on Ganglia (Ganglian stimulants and Ganglion blockers).

               viii.        Neuromuscular blocking drugs

3.   DRUGS ACTING ON GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT:

                     i.        Emetic.

                    ii.        Anti-emetics.

                   iii.        Purgatives:

a)   Bulk forming purgatives,

b)   Lubricant purgatives,

c)   Irritant purgatives and

d)   Saline Purgatives.

                  iv.        Anti-diarrheal Agents.

                   v.        Treatment of Peptic & Dudenal Ulcers:

a)   Anti-acids,

b)   H2-Receptor Antagonists,

c)   Antimuscarinic Agents,

d)   Proton Pump Inhibitors,

e)   Gastrin Receptor Antagonist and

f)    Cytoprotective agents.

                  vi.        Drug treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases of bowel.

                 vii.        Drugs affecting bile flow and Cholelithiasis.

4.   AUTACOIDS AND THEIR ANTAGONISTS:

Histamine and Anti-histamines,

Serotonin and Serotonin Antagonists and

Other Autocoids.

5.   DRUGS ACTING ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:

                     i.        Drugs used for cough:

Anti-tussives,

Expectorants and

Mucolytic Agents.

                    ii.        Drug treatment of Bronchial Asthma:

Bronchodilators,

Cromoglycate,

Nedocromil,

Cortecosteroids &

Other Anti-inflammatory drugs and

Muscarinic receptor antagonists)

6.   DRUGS ACTING ON CARDIO-VESCULAR SYSTEM:

                     i.        Angina pectorus and its drug treatment

                    ii.        Congestive heart failure & its treatment

                   iii.        Anti-arrhythmic drugs

                  iv.        Agents used in Hyperlipidemia

                   v.        Coagulants and Anti-coagulants

                  vi.        Anti-hypertensives

                 vii.        Diuretics

7.   DRUGS ACTING ON GENITOURINARY SYSTEM:

Oxytoxic drugs,

Ergot alkaloids and

Uterine relaxants

8.   ANTI-ANAEMIC DRUGS: