PHARMACOGNOSY-I

PHARMACOGNOSY-I

1.   GENERAL INTRODUCTION:

a)   Historical Development and Scope of Pharmacognosy.

b)   Traditional system of Medicine/medicinal plants.

c)   Evolution of Modern system of Medicine (History of Modern System of Medicine).

d)   Classification of Crude Drugs with Special Emphasis to Chemical and Therapeutical System of Classification.

e)   Terminology Used in Pharmacognosy.

f)    Preparation of Crude Drugs for Commercial Market,

g)   Methods of Cultivation,

                             i.        Drying,

                            ii.        Storage.

                           iii.        Preservation,

                          iv.        Packing,

h)   Deterioration and

i)     Adulteration of Crude Drugs.

j)     Evaluation of Crude Drugs i.e Organoleptic, Microscopic, Physical, Chemical and Biological.

2.   THE STUDY OF THE CRUDE DRUGS BELONGING TO VARIOUS FAMILIES OF MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE:

Families Crude Drugs:

                     i.        Ranunculanceae

a)   Aconitum,

b)   Larkspur,

c)   Pulsatilla,

d)   Hydrastis.

                    ii.        Papaveraaceae

a)   Papaver somniferum,

b)   Sanguinaria,

c)   Canadensis.

                     i.        Leguminosae

a)   Acacia,

b)   Glycyrrhiza,

c)   Senna,

d)   Cassia,

e)   Tamarind.

                    ii.        Umbelliferae

a)   Fennel,

b)   Carum,

c)   Coriander,

d)   Conium,

e)   Asafoetida.

                   iii.        Apocynaceae

a)   Rauwolfia,

b)   Catharanthus.

                  iv.        Solanaceae

a)   Belladonna,

b)   Hycscyamus,

c)   Stramonium Capsicum.

                   v.        Scrophulariaceae

a)   Digitalis,

b)   Verbascum (Mullien).

                  vi.        Labiatae

a)   Peppermint,

b)   Thyme,

c)   Spearmint,

d)   Salvia,

e)   Ocimum.

                 vii.        Liliaceae

a)   Garlic,

b)   Colchicum,

c)   Aloe.

               viii.        Zingiberaceae

a)   Ginger,

b)   Curcuma

3.   GROWTH REGULATORS:

General account with special reference to:

a)   Auxins,

b)   Gibberellins

c)   Abscisic acid,

d)   Cytokinins and

e)   Ethylene.

4.   ALLERGENS AND ALLERGENIC PREPARATION:

a)   Introduction,

b)   Case history,

c)   Skin test

d)   Treatment off allergy,

e)   Inhalant,

f)    Ingestant,

g)   Injectant,

h)   Contactant,

i)     Infectant and

j)     Infestant allergens.

k)   Mechanism of allergy.

5.   ENZYMES:

Enzymes obtained from plant source. (Phytoenzymes).

a)   Papain

b)   Bromelain and

c)   Malt Extract.

Enzymes obtained from Animal source.

a)   Rennin

b)   pepsin,

c)   Pancreatin and

d)   Pancrealipase.

6.   POISONOUS PLANTS:

General introduction of poisonous plants with special reference to Pakistan.

7.   PESTICIDES:

a)   Introduction.

b)   Methods of controlling pests with special reference to natural methods.