PHARMACEUTICS-I (PHYSICAL PHARMACY)

PHARMACEUTICS-I (PHYSICAL PHARMACY)

1. PHARMACY ORIENTATION:

Introduction and orientation to the Professional of Pharmacy in relation to

1. Hospital Pharmacy   
2. Retail Pharmacy 
3. Industrial Pharmacy 
4. Forensic Pharmacy 
5. Pharmaceutical education and research etc.

2.   HISTORY AND LITERATURE OF PHARMACY:

A. survey of the history of pharmacy through ancient, Greek and Arab periods with special reference to contribution of Muslim scientists to pharmacy and allied sciences. 

B. An introduction of various official books.

 

3.   PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES:

i. Solutions:

Introduction, 

Types, 

Concentration expressions, 

Ideal and real solution, 

Colligative properties, 

their mathematical derivations and applications in pharmacy, 

Molecular weight determinations, 

Distribution co-efficient and its applications in pharmacy.

ii.  Solubilization: 

Solubility,
Factors affecting solubility, 
Surfactants, 
Properties and types of Solubility 
Micelles, their formulation and types

iii. Ionization,

pH, 
pH indicators, 
pka, 
buffers, 
buffer’s equation, 
Isotonic solutions and their applications in pharmacy

iv. Hydrolysis, Types and protection of drugs against hydrolysis.

v. Micromeritics:

Particle size and shapes, 

Distribution of particles methods of determination of particle size and importance of particle size in Pharmacy.

4.   DISPERSIONS:

1. Colloids: 

• Types of colloids 
• Methods of preparation, 
• Properties (optional, kinetic, electrical) 
• Dialysis and artificial kidney, 
• Stability of colloids, 
• Protection and sensitization phenomenon and application of colloids in Pharmacy. 

2. Emulsions:

• Types of Emulsion,
• Theories of emulsification,
• Emulsifying agents their classification and stability of emulsion.

 3. Suspensions:

• Types of Suspension, 
  
• Methods of Preparation, 
  
• Properties, 
  
• Suspending agents, 
  
• Classification and stability of Suspension

 4. Adsorption: Techniques and processes of adsorption in detail.

5. RHEOLOGY:

• Definition and Fundamental concept.
• Properties contributing to Rheological behaviour.
• Graphic presentation of Rheological data.

6. PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROCESSES:

• Precipitation: Process of precipitation and its applications in Pharmacy.
• Crystallization: Types of crystals, Mechanism and methods of crystallization and its applications in Pharmacy.
• Distillation. Simple, fractional, steam distillation, vacuum distillation, destructive distillation and their applications in Pharmacy.
• Miscellaneous Processes: Efflorescence, deliquescence, lyophillization, elutrition,
• Exiccation, ignition, sublimation, fusion, calcination, adsorption, decantation,
• Evaporation, vaporization, centrifugation, dessication, levigation and trituration.

7. RATE and ORDER OF REACTIONS:

KINETIC PRINCIPLES AND STABILITY TESTING: THEORETIC CONSIDERATIONS:

Degradation:

Physical Factors: Influence of pH, temperature, ionic strength, acid base catalysis, U.V. light.

Chemical Factors: Complex chemical reactions. Oxidationreduction, hydrolysis